Animal Models of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Update

Type 1 Diabetes Models

Spontaneous Animal Models

NOD mice, diabetes-prone BB rats, KDP rats, LETL rats, and LEW-iddm rats are well-established spontaneous animal models for type 1 diabetes. These models exhibit genetic mutations that lead to the development of insulin deficiency and spontaneous onset of diabetes.

Chemically Induced Models

In contrast to spontaneous animal models, chemically induced models involve the administration of chemicals, such as streptozotocin or alloxan, to induce diabetes. These models replicate the insulin-deficient state observed in type 1 diabetes, providing valuable insights into disease pathogenesis.

Type 2 Diabetes Models

Obese Animal Models

Obese animal models, such as the Zucker diabetic fatty rat and the ob/ob mouse, exhibit insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction, key characteristics of type 2 diabetes. These models offer a platform to study the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes.

Non-Obese Animal Models

Non-obese animal models, such as the Goto-Kakizaki rat and the Akita mouse, develop diabetes without overt obesity. These models exhibit defects in insulin signaling or beta cell function, providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Other Animal Models

Transgenic Animal Models

Transgenic animal models are generated by introducing genetic modifications that mimic specific aspects of diabetes. These models allow researchers to investigate the role of individual genes in diabetes development and progression.

Non-Mammalian Animal Models

Non-mammalian animal models, such as zebrafish and fruit flies, have also been utilized in diabetes research. These models provide valuable insights into conserved molecular pathways and disease mechanisms.